CERTIFIED POISON
The Chemical Research in Toxicology confirmed the warning of Andres Carrasco, Argentine investigating the substance that holds the soybean crop. The scientist certified the similarity of malformations in embryos anfibioscon other humans exposed to glyphosate during pregnancy.
herbicides glyphosate teratogenic effects in vertebrates and affect retinoic acid signaling
"extremely low concentrations of glyphosate, compared to those used in agriculture, can produce adverse effects on embryo morphology (amphibian), interfering with normal mechanisms of embryonic development" , warned in April 2009 the head of the Laboratory of Molecular Embryology the UBA and principal investigator of CONICET, Andres Carrasco. was the first time a laboratory study of Argentina confirmed the detrimental effect of the agrochemical pillar of the agribusiness model. After the announcement, Carrasco was the target of a smear campaign by the companies, media and officials. Although the scientist said that it was a breakthrough research, the main challenge was the lack of publication in a scientific journal, which, according to supporters of agribusiness and much of the academic world would be what gives validity to scientific knowledge. A year and half after that warning, last Monday, the U.S. magazine Chemical Research in Toxicology (Chemical Research in Toxicology) Carrasco published research, which confirms that glyphosate produces multiple malformations and with scientific analysis as a test, warns: "The Laboratory proven results are consistent with defects observed in humans exposed to glyphosate during pregnancy. "
ResumenFull TextoHi-Res HTML PDF [1787 KB] PDF w / Links [257 KB] Alejandra Paganelli, Gnazzo Victoria, Elena Acosta, Silvia L L. López and E. Andress Carrasco * Embriologuna Laboratory Molecular CONICET-UBA, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 3rd floor (1 121) Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Publication Date (Web): August 9, 2010 Copyright © 2010 American Society Chemistry
* Author for correspondence. Phone: +5411 5950 9500 ext. 2216. Fax: +5411 5950 9626. E-mail: acarrasco@fmed.uba.ar. Summary
The broad spectrum herbicide glyphosate is widely used in world agriculture. There has been ongoing controversy over the possible adverse effects of glyphosate on the environment and human health. Reports of the defects of the nerves and craniofacial malformations in the regions where the herbicide glyphosate (GBH) are used led us to undertake an embryological to explore the effects of low doses of glyphosate in development. Xenopus laevis embryos were incubated with 1 / 5000 dilution of a commercial for GBH.
treated embryos were highly abnormal with marked alterations in neural crest development and limited cephalad anterior-posterior (AP) axis. Alterations in the neural crest markers were later correlated with cranial deformities in the cartilage in tadpole stages.
embryos injected with pure glyphosate showed very similar phenotypes. In addition, GBH produced similar effects in chicken embryos, showing a gradual loss of rhombomere domains, reducing the optic vesicles, and microcephaly. This suggests that glyphosate was responsible for the observed phenotypes, instead of a surfactant or other component of the commercial formulation.
A reporter gene assay revealed that the GBH treatment increased endogenous retinoic acid (RA) activity in Xenopus embryos and co-treatment with AR antagonist rescued the teratogenic effects of GBH. Therefore, we conclude that the phenotypes produced by GBH are mainly a result of increased endogenous retinoid activity.
This is consistent with reduced sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling from the dorsal midline of embryos, inhibition of OTX2 expression and with altered cephalic neural crest development. The direct effect of glyphosate on the initial mechanisms of morphogenesis in vertebrate embryos opens the concerns about the clinical results of human offspring in populations exposed to GBH in the fields.
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